64 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
64 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
# CMake target 可见性 Demo(visibility)
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> 来自博客 `docs/编程/20-接口可见性.md` §5.2「完整 Demo」。
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> 演示 `target_include_directories` / `target_link_libraries` /
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> `target_compile_definitions` 上 PUBLIC / PRIVATE / INTERFACE 的传播语义。
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## 运行
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```bash
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cd cmake/visibility
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cmake -B build && cmake --build build
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./build/app
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```
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预期输出(终端里是彩色的):
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```
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10:37:06 hello (绿色)
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bright red (高亮红 —— PUBLIC 宏 COLOR_ENABLE_BRIGHT 传播到 app 的证据)
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(没有 "leaked!" —— printer 的 PRIVATE 宏 PRINTER_TIME_FORMAT 被隔离的证据)
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```
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## 目录结构
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```
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visibility/
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├── CMakeLists.txt
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├── app/
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│ └── main.cpp # 最终用户,只认识 printer
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├── color/
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│ ├── public/color/color.h # 对外 API 头(含 PUBLIC 宏开关 COLOR_ENABLE_BRIGHT)
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│ ├── include/rgb_convert.h # 内部中间件头,仅库内 .cpp 共享(PRIVATE 目录)
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│ └── src/{color,rgb_convert}.cpp
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├── timeutil/
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│ └── {timeutil.h,timeutil.cpp} # printer 的私有依赖
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└── printer/
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├── public/printer/printer.h # 对外 API 头(引用了 color → color 是 PUBLIC 依赖)
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└── src/printer.cpp
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```
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依赖与可见性一图流:
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```
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app ──PRIVATE──> printer ──PUBLIC──> color ✓ app 能 include color.h、感知 COLOR_ENABLE_BRIGHT
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│ └─(内部) rgb_convert.h ✗ 外部看不见(include/ 是 PRIVATE 目录)
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└────PRIVATE──> timeutil ✗ app 看不见 timeutil.h
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└────PRIVATE 宏 PRINTER_TIME_FORMAT ✗ 不泄漏给 app
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```
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## 验证实验(§5.3)
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| # | 操作 | 实测结果 |
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|---|------|---------|
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| 1 | 直接编译运行 | ✅ 输出 bright red,不输出 leaked! |
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| 2 | main.cpp 加 `#include "rgb_convert.h"` | ✅ `fatal error: rgb_convert.h: No such file or directory` |
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| 3 | main.cpp 加 `#include "timeutil.h"` | ✅ `fatal error: timeutil.h: No such file or directory` |
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| 4 | printer 的 `PUBLIC color` 改 `PRIVATE color` | (未跑)printer 自身编译过,app 找不到 color/color.h 报错 |
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## 判断口诀
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打开自己的公开头文件看一眼:
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- 头文件里 `#include` 了谁 → 那个库 **PUBLIC**
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- 头文件里 `#ifdef` 了哪个宏(宏影响 API 形状)→ 那个宏 **PUBLIC**
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- 只在 .cpp 里出现的库/宏/路径 → **PRIVATE**
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